A–Z of economic indicators

ADP Weekly Employment Change is a high-frequency estimate of U.S. private-sector job growth. It gives an early read on whether private employers are adding or cutting jobs.

U.S. Wholesale Inventories MoM measures the monthly change in goods held in stock by merchant wholesalers. It shows whether wholesalers are building or drawing down inventories.

This is a weekly estimate of the change in U.S. crude oil inventories reported by the American Petroleum Institute. A positive number means stocks rose, while a negative number means stocks fell.

ANZ Business Confidence shows whether New Zealand firms are generally optimistic or pessimistic about business conditions. The headline figure is usually a net balance, meaning the share expecting improvement minus the share expecting deterioration.

Quarterly change in prices for merchandise exports shipped from Australia, a key terms-of-trade indicator.

Australia Private Sector Credit tracks growth in credit provided to households and businesses by domestic financial institutions. The MoM version compares with the previous month, while the YoY version compares with the same month a year earlier.

Australia Housing Credit MoM measures the monthly change in outstanding credit used for housing. It shows whether housing-related borrowing is expanding or slowing from one month to the next.

Quarterly change in prices for merchandise imports landed in Australia, used to assess imported inflation pressure.

Monthly change in Australian private-sector house approvals, an early signal of housing construction activity.

This is an auction of short-term bills issued by the Republic of Austria. Investors bid for the bills, and the results show the government’s short-term funding cost and demand for the paper.

This is an auction of an Austrian Treasury Bill that matures on 2027-01-28. The auction result shows the price or yield at which Austria raised short-term euro funding for that bill.

A quarterly survey asking professional market participants what they expect for the Canadian economy, interest rates and financial markets.

France sells short-term government debt that normally matures in approximately three months.

Brazil Current Account shows the country’s balance with the rest of the world for trade, services, income and transfers. A deficit means Brazil paid more abroad on these items than it received during the period.

Brazil Foreign Direct Investment tracks net direct investment flows from foreign investors into Brazil. It covers longer-term investment links such as equity stakes, reinvested earnings and intercompany lending.

Measures how prices are changing for commonly purchased food and non-food products in UK shops.

This is the Central Bank of Chile’s decision on its main interest rate. The rate influences borrowing costs across the Chilean economy and is used to help keep inflation near the bank’s target.

China NBS General PMI is a broad survey indicator of overall business output across manufacturing and non-manufacturing activity. Readings above 50 generally suggest overall expansion, while readings below 50 suggest contraction.

China NBS Manufacturing PMI is an official survey measure of conditions in China’s manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 generally indicates expansion, while a reading below 50 indicates contraction.

China NBS Non-Manufacturing PMI is a survey-based measure of activity in China’s services and construction sectors. Readings above 50 generally signal expansion, while readings below 50 signal contraction.

This is a public holiday marking the Democratic Republic of the Congo's independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960. It is not an economic data release.

This measures the share of Denmark’s labour force that is registered as unemployed. It is a monthly indicator of labour-market slack based on administrative registrations.

The Bundesbank Monthly Report is a regular publication from Germany’s central bank. It discusses economic, financial and monetary-policy topics relevant to Germany and the wider euro area.

This measures changes in the inflation-adjusted volume of sales by retail trade enterprises in Estonia. It shows whether households and other shoppers are buying more or fewer goods in real terms.

The ECB Forum on Central Banking is an annual European Central Bank conference, not a regular numeric data release. It brings central bankers, economists and market participants together to discuss monetary policy and major economic issues.

Brazil IPCA-15 is an early monthly reading of consumer price inflation in Brazil. It tracks how prices paid by households change during a mid-month collection window rather than the full calendar month.

The FHFA House Price Index tracks changes in U.S. single-family home prices. It helps show whether home values are rising or falling across the country.

This is a monthly Dallas Fed survey of service-sector businesses in Texas. It asks firms whether activity such as revenue, employment, prices and general business conditions improved, worsened or stayed the same from the prior month.

The Dallas Fed Services Revenues Index measures whether Texas service-sector firms report higher or lower revenue than in the previous month. It is a monthly regional survey of service businesses.

The Richmond Fed Manufacturing Index is a monthly gauge of factory activity in the Fifth Federal Reserve District. It summarizes whether surveyed manufacturers report improving or worsening conditions compared with the prior month.

The Richmond Fed Manufacturing Shipments Index tracks whether manufacturers in the Fifth District are shipping more or less than in the previous month. It is one component of the Richmond Fed manufacturing survey.

The Richmond Fed Services Revenues Index tracks whether service-sector firms in the Fifth District report higher or lower revenues than in the previous month. It is a monthly survey-based measure of regional non-manufacturing activity.

This is the Federal Reserve's monthly update on the amount of money in the U.S. economy. It focuses on measures such as M1 and M2, which include cash, checking deposits and other liquid deposits.

Peru Independence Day is a national holiday marking the proclamation of Peru’s independence. Economic calendars list it because banks, public offices and some local-market activity may be closed or operate on holiday schedules.

This is a monthly estimate of how Finland’s overall economic output changed from a year earlier after adjusting for working-day effects. It is often watched as a timely proxy for the direction of GDP before fuller national accounts are available.

This calendar item tracks the monthly change in people claiming unemployment-related benefits or registered as benefit claimants in France. It is usually reported in thousands of people.

This measures the number of people registered with France Travail as jobseekers. It is a stock measure, not a count of new layoffs in a single month.

HICP annual inflation measures year-on-year consumer price changes using Europe’s comparable inflation index.

King Vajiralongkorn's Birthday is a Thai public and financial-institution holiday observed on July 28. Banks, government offices and some markets may close or operate with reduced activity.

This is an auction of short-term Hungarian government bills that mature in about three months. The bills are sold below face value, and the difference implies the yield investors earn.

India Manufacturing Production YoY shows how much manufacturing output changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It is a gauge of factory-sector momentum in India.

Philippines Imports YoY shows how the value of goods imported into the Philippines changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It helps show whether demand for foreign goods, fuel, electronics, capital equipment, and other imports is rising or falling.

This is an auction of short-maturity Italian government bonds. It shows the yield or price Italy pays to borrow for roughly two years.

This is an auction of Italian government bonds around the 7-year part of the yield curve. It shows investor demand and the borrowing cost Italy faces at that maturity.

This is an auction of Italian government bonds whose principal is linked to euro-area inflation. It shows how much Italy raises from these inflation-protected bonds and at what market yield or price.

This is an auction where Japan sells 2-year government bonds to investors. The result shows the price, yield and demand for newly issued short-maturity Japanese government debt.

This reports how the value of new construction orders received by major Japanese construction companies changed from the same month a year earlier. It gives a quick view of demand for building and infrastructure work.

This indicator measures how the number of new homes started in Japan changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It helps show whether residential construction activity is expanding or slowing.

Redbook YoY is a weekly gauge of U.S. retail sales growth compared with the same period a year earlier. It is produced by Redbook Research and focuses on same-store sales trends at large retailers.

Kuwait M2 Money Supply YoY measures how much broad money in Kuwait has changed compared with a year earlier. It captures money readily available in the economy, including narrow money and quasi-money.

Kuwait Private Bank Lending YoY tracks how much lending to the private sector has grown compared with a year earlier. It is a credit-growth indicator for households and businesses in Kuwait.

Lithuania Industrial Production MoM shows how industrial output changed from the previous month. It is a short-term signal of activity in factories, mining, utilities, and related industrial sectors.

Malaysia PPI YoY shows how producer-level prices changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It is an early measure of price pressure before goods reach consumers.

The MAS 12-Week Bill Auction reports the auction outcome for short-term Singapore dollar bills issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. It shows market demand and yield levels for the 12-week tenor.

The MAS 4-Week Bill Auction reports the auction outcome for very short-term Singapore dollar bills issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. It gives a snapshot of demand and yield levels for the 4-week tenor.

A Moroccan national public holiday on 30 July marking King Mohammed VI's accession to the throne.

This is the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic's decision on its main policy interest rate. The rate influences short-term borrowing costs and the stance of monetary policy in Kyrgyzstan.

This event reports the National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia's decision on its key monetary policy rate. The decision affects borrowing conditions in Macedonian denar markets and signals the central bank's view on inflation and financial stability.

This is an auction of short-term New Zealand government debt that matures in about one year. The auction yield shows how much investors require to lend to the New Zealand Crown for that maturity.

This is an auction of short-term New Zealand government debt that matures in about three months. Investors bid for the bills, and the resulting yield shows the price the government pays to borrow over that short period.

This is an auction where New Zealand sells short-term Treasury bills with an around six-month maturity. The result shows the yield investors accepted and how much demand there was for the bill issue.

This measures how producer prices in North Macedonia have changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It shows price pressure faced by producers before goods and services reach consumers.

Philippines Balance of Trade shows the difference between the value of goods the country exports and the value of goods it imports. A positive number is a trade surplus, while a negative number is a trade deficit.

Philippines Exports YoY measures how the value of goods exported by the Philippines changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It is usually shown as a percentage increase or decrease.

Monthly PSA data showing the annual change in the value of Philippine goods bought from abroad.

Philippines PPI YoY measures how prices charged by domestic manufacturers changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It is an early gauge of price pressure before goods reach consumers.

Shows how much lending by banks to private businesses and households has changed compared with one year earlier.

This event is a public speech by Michele Bullock, Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia. Traders follow it for clues about the RBA's view on inflation, growth, employment and interest rates.

The RBA meeting minutes are a written record of the central bank’s latest monetary policy discussion. They help explain why policymakers made their interest-rate decision and what risks they considered.

The S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Index tracks changes in U.S. home prices. It is widely followed as a measure of whether residential real estate prices are rising or falling nationally and in major cities.

A government sells short-term debt that matures in approximately six months.

This is the monthly change in South Africa’s composite leading business cycle indicator. It combines forward-looking signals that tend to move before the broader economy changes direction.

This is South Africa’s regular auction of rand-denominated government bonds. It shows how much debt is sold and the yields investors require to lend to the government.

This is an auction of South African government fixed-rate bonds that mature in 2038. The reported result is commonly watched through the clearing yield and the strength of investor demand.

This is an auction of South African government fixed-rate bonds that mature in 2040. The calendar figure usually highlights the yield at which the Treasury was able to sell the bond.

This is an auction where South Korea sells 30-year government bonds to investors. The result shows the yield paid by the government and how much demand there was for the bonds.

This is Spain’s unemployment rate from the quarterly Labour Force Survey. It shows the share of the labour force that is unemployed during the survey period.

Sweden’s Balance of Trade shows the value of exports minus imports of goods. A positive number is a trade surplus, while a negative number is a trade deficit.

This indicator measures how Thailand's industrial output changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It gives a quick view of whether factories and industrial sectors are producing more or less than before.

The Conference Board Consumer Confidence Index measures how U.S. consumers feel about current and future economic conditions. It is based on survey questions about business conditions, jobs and household income expectations.

A Treasury Gilt 2040 Tender is a sale of a UK government bond maturing in 2040. Investors bid for the gilt, and the result shows how much was sold and at what prices or yields.

This refers to a UK government bond operation involving conventional gilts. Conventional gilts are nominal, fixed-income UK government bonds, unlike index-linked gilts whose cash flows are linked to inflation.

The U.S. Advance Goods Trade Balance shows the difference between the value of goods the United States exports and imports for a month. A negative number means the country imported more goods than it exported.

This measures the monthly change in the value of inventories held by U.S. retailers, excluding motor vehicle and parts dealers. It helps show whether retailers are building or drawing down stock outside the volatile auto sector.

This event reports the results of a U.S. Treasury auction for very short-term government bills that mature in about six weeks. The most watched figure is usually the auction yield or rate at which the bills were sold.

This event reports the results of a U.S. Treasury auction for government notes with a seven-year maturity. The headline figure on calendars is usually the yield awarded at the auction.